Analisis Komparatif Antara Pendekatan Top Down dan Bottom Up Dalam Perencanaan Pendidikan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/w1nf5b88Keywords:
Perencanaan Pendidikan, Pendekatan Top-Down, Pendekatan Bottom-UpAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komparatif penerapan pendekatan top-down dan bottom-up dalam perencanaan pendidikan. Melalui metode library research, penelitian ini menelaah berbagai sumber ilmiah dari jurnal internasional, buku akademik, dan laporan kebijakan pendidikan yang relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan top-down efektif dalam menjaga keseragaman kebijakan nasional, efisiensi implementasi program, serta pengendalian mutu pendidikan secara sistemik. Namun, pendekatan ini sering kali kurang responsif terhadap kebutuhan dan karakteristik lokal. Sebaliknya, pendekatan bottom-up memberikan ruang bagi partisipasi masyarakat, kreativitas lokal, dan inovasi kebijakan berbasis konteks daerah, meskipun berisiko menghadapi kendala koordinasi dan kesenjangan antarwilayah. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi kedua pendekatan tersebut untuk menciptakan model perencanaan pendidikan yang adaptif, kolaboratif, dan berkelanjutan. Integrasi ini diharapkan mampu memperkuat hubungan antara kebijakan nasional dan praktik lokal, sekaligus meningkatkan efektivitas pembangunan pendidikan di era desentralisasi
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